On other hand the war in Darfur, it’s also reflect the
conflict between the center and the peripheries .but Darfur question exceed to
the conflict between the peripheries itself; to treat the question of Darfur we
have to return back to the roots causes lie behind the crisis from historical
point of view. According to research I had published six year ago I reached conclusion that the roots causes of Darfur can be list as below:
1. The drought and
desertification which hit west Africa early in the seventies compelled number
of people to migrate to anther areas specially the nomads whom were seek
postures to their camels ,cattle and goat .this movement create contact between
the farmers and pastorals lead to severe conflict during these period, unfortunately the
government did no efforts to tackle the problem. The accumulation impacts of
this conflict lead at the end of the day to confrontation between the people of
Darfur on ethnic base that is because the nomads most of them are from the Arab
race and vise verse the farmers are from African race. This situation keep
continues tension between the farmers and the pastorals That is what the rebel’s
movement invests to fuel their war against the government. The situation can be describe as;
· Deserts have spread southwards by an average
of 100 kilometers over the past four decades.
· Land degradation is linked with overgrazing
of fragile soils. The number of livestock has exploded from close to 27 million
animals to around 135 million.
· A "deforestation crisis" has led to
a loss of almost 12 percent of Sudan's forest cover in just 15 years, and some
areas may lose their remaining forest cover within the next decade.
· Declining and highly irregular patterns of
rainfall in parts of the country—particularly in Kordofan and Darfur
states—provides mounting evidence of long-term regional climate change. In
Northern Darfur, precipitation has fallen by a third in the past 80 years.
2. At the same period in the eighties a huge number of
Darfurians youths were flee their school for economical reasons, most of those
were migrate the neighbor countries mainly Libya. Because the migrants gained
nothing form their migration the most of the Darfurians prefer to stay in Darfur.
Again and again the rebels found away to running the war. That is why huge
number of youths fall a victim to propaganda of war. The first civil rights
movement in Darfur named Darfur renaissance front founded by
Mohammed Ibrahim Draig a well known Darfurian leader. And grounding upon this
we can say Darfur civil movement opened the eyes of all Darfurians to seek their rights.
Although Darfur witnessed repeated accidents of lawbreaking in systematic forms, central governments accounted all the civil rights movements as an incidental, isolated
and bandits’ activities.
3.
In 1970 president Jaafar Nummairi Dissolve the civil
administrations in the Sudan grounding on the regime orientation, the step
pave the way to violating the law in remote areas such as Darfur. Because the civil administrations maintaining the security and order, Some
people assumed that the civil ex-members are involved in the law-breaking acts so as
to compel the Nummairi's regime to setback.
4.
As part of the conflict enlargement between the south of Sudan and the
central government Darfur's youths
start joining the SPLA/M and as a new phase of war they think on invading Darfur
militarily. One of those whom were joined SPLA/M was Dawood YahaYia Bolad one
of the most dominant leader in National Islamic front party in Sudan- the party
prepared, financed and lead the coup d’état in 1989. Bolad as part of the
SPLA/M and on his capacity as Darfurian decided to invade Darfur to liberate the
region, but the attempt failed and killed Bolad himself. The murdered of Bolad fuel
again the ethnic war between whom they consider themselves as an Arab and the
African. Bolad was an African that is why the interested parties formulated
propaganda that Bolad against the Arab race which pave the way to joint work
against his movement. Beside this, the way Bolad killed also add controversial elements to
the conflict in the region.
5. Also the coup d’état of the national Islamic front in1989
participated greatly in aggravation of Darfur question through wrongful polices
grounding in fabricated reports, most of these misunderstanding the genuine
roots causes. Again the reports spoke described the case as a works of
lawbreaker, road breaker and bandit leading the same road of the ex-governments
since the broke out of the problems late eighties. Over and above the supposed
Islamic regime plays in several wrong tactics to generate some tribes loyalty.
in his first years the regime play on Islamic tone to maintain the trust of
what we locally called Zurgha or non-Arab tribes under allegation that the Arab are historically
supporting the traditional Umma party and democratic union. Late after Bolad
joined the rebels in south lead the attempt of invading Darfur they turn back
against the Zurgha again under different allegations that the Zurgha were
planning to wipe the Arab tribes out of Darfur that is the reasons of the
Janjaweed militia which lead all atrocities against the farmers’ villages in
Darfur. This evil work made irredeemable gap between the populations in Darfur.
The experiences all over the world showed the most optimal end to any war is
the peace in spite of that the regime playing on flaming the war everywhere
specially in the peripherals without thinking in its catastrophic consequences.
What happened in the south give the prove that the war is not the right way to
formulate strong united nation, southerner they chose to secede as result of
war.
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