the Conflict in Sudan; Roots Causes and the Consequences 1

To discuss the issue of the conflict  in sudan we have to read through various questions. such as what is the concept of peace and security and how do we apply it to the case of Sudan. How do we read the geopolitical location of the Sudan? On what scope do we going to define the crisis? What are the dominant factors determine the steps toward peace and security? What is the role of the internal players? On what base do we account the role of the regional and international community?

Sudan located in the north of the African continent bordered by seven countries Egypt, Libya, Chad, central Africa, south Sudan, Ethiopia and Eretria.

This location made Sudan faces several challenges; the most significant challenge is how to control over these open borders? How to maintain peace and security along these vulnerable borders with countries suffering severe internal conflict. How do the government give up the waves of migrations which represented the crucial problem to the country.The migration to Sudan started since the breakout of Islam in Arab peninsula. Since that time the tribes of West Africa countries started their annual trip to Mecca the cradle of Islam. As a result of the economical welfare in Sudan and its short distance to Mecca most of the migrants prefer to settle in Sudan preparing for another trip, beside enjoying these prosperity of the region.

 Recently the reasons of migration to Sudan become merely economical ones. In the seventies’ and eighties’ West Africa had been hit by a severe waves of drought and desertification, this situation compelled the people to migrate to the neighbor countries in east and north Africa. Also the conflict in West Africa such the civil war in Chad and the Libya-Chad war over Auzo sector among another factors ignite the flame of migration to Sudan. In same period Sudan witnessed pattern of seasonal internal migration represented in the movement of the Nomads tribes marching toward the postures areas. As a result, the movement of the tribes from their original places to other tribes land led directly to harsh contact leading to conflict over scarce grass and water. The conflict between the farmers and the Nomads during the recent years led to enormous causalities most of them from farmers. Beside the risks of war the overseas migrant’s people carry different cultures and attitudes which threaten the local norms. Anciently the migration to Sudan not only from Africa but also from Arab peninsula that is what explains the diversification of population from Arab to African features. Unfortunately the sequential governments failed to invest these fruitful diversification to build concrete unity. In any case, there is no way out other than investing this diversity in what we refer to as unity in diversity. Secede of South Sudan added no change to the old cultural, ethnic and religious map of the country, till now we deal with the same map with the same components Islam, Christianity, pagans, Arab, African and mixture.